Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many adults with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders, like major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many people who suffer from depression do not respond well to medications and may be able to benefit from therapy. Medications that most effectively improve the symptoms of ADHD are those that boost and balance levels of specific brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are amphetamine, methylphenidate, and similar drugs. Medicines Adults can use many medications to treat ADHD in children. The dosages and the side effects can be different. The doctor will examine the medical history, the family health history and other conditions of an individual to determine which medicine is most appropriate for the patient. how to treat adhd -known ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by altering the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (also called Adderall), and dextroamphetamine enhance the supply of neurotransmitters that aid in improving focus, reduce impulsivity, and reduce aggression. These stimulants are available in various forms, including skin patches, liquids, and chewable tablets. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are more effective because they lead to more patient compliance and lasting and smoother improvement in symptoms. It is important to be aware that comorbid disorders such as depression or anxiety disorders can affect the response to ADHD medication. Therefore it is recommended that these psychiatric issues be treated first before medication is used as a secondary measure. Some medications that can be used to treat comorbid psychiatric disorders include bupropion, atomoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).). Some patients may exhibit an "rebound" effect, where they experience a worsening of ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these instances, a brief trial of a lower dose of stimulant medication could be helpful. Some people cannot tolerate stimulant medications or are unable to take them due to abuse of drugs or other health conditions for example, heart problems that are severe or hypertension. In these instances, non-stimulant drugs such as atomoxetine and viloxazine can be effective. These medications don't have the same adverse effects as stimulants, and are less likely to be abused or diverted. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for people with ADHD. It can help them gain techniques to improve their lives, deal with anxiety and stress, work out conflicts, and manage problems in relationships and at work. It can also help those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing such as depression and addiction disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and schema therapy. These therapies are based upon the notion that beliefs and thoughts can influence how someone behaves, thinks and feels. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then devise and implement strategies to alter these. Meditation techniques are used in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help a person concentrate on their thoughts and emotions as well as control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms of psychotherapy that focus on the family history of a person could be beneficial for those who suffer from ADHD who have significant secondary issues. Psychotherapy, along with medication, can assist with specific ADHD issues, like difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with others. It can also help in avoiding important dates and responsibilities and making decisions that are impulsive and could lead to legal and financial issues. It can help a person overcome issues of the underlying nature, such as depression and anxiety that may contribute to their ADHD symptoms. Psychotherapy can help someone find healthy coping skills and reduce stress through exercise, sleep improvement and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a family member or spouse who is struggling with the effects ADHD affects their relationship. Marriage and family therapy helps families and couples learn to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that is focused on changing the patterns of negative thinking of the client. It involves a skill-based dialog with an expert in mental health to address the root reason for the symptoms. This therapy aims to assist clients overcome their limitations and develop coping strategies that are compatible with their daily routines. Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT show clients to recognize harmful thoughts and help them learn to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take some time. It is a viable option for those who cannot get enough relief from their medication. A recent RCT study has found that when paired with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy alone in reducing the emotional symptoms, core symptoms self-esteem, and social functioning of adults with ADHD (Clarke et al., 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is particularly effective for those with more severe underlying problems. Therapists who offer this kind of treatment work with clients to create an action plan to address their specific issues. They teach them a set of practical skills which are simple to master and have a high chance of success. A chart system is often used to monitor progress, and to reward positive behavior. In the case of a child, this might include a daily report which outlines the school tasks or positive behavior they must perform and a method of monitoring and gaining rewards. Therapists can also talk about the possibility that negative consequences could be inflicted upon a child who does not complete their task. This can be done in a sensitive and supportive manner. Metacognitive Therapy A newer type of therapy, metacognitive therapy helps people change the way they think. This type of treatment is effective for those who suffer from a variety of mental health issues, including depression. It's a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that helps individuals learn to recognize their negative thoughts and how they affect their emotions. This kind of therapy helps individuals develop mental tools that are adaptable and beneficial. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To accomplish this we compared the self- and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge as well as regulation of cognition, debugging, management of information, and evaluation). It was observed that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that regulatory processes were not. The predictors of metacognition had moderate predictive power, which indicates that they can be the cause of significant variations in the daily functioning of adults suffering from ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment which focuses on reversing metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate mental states such as worry, rumination, or attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on an idea of information processing by Wells and Gerald Matthews. One case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety, but it's still a relatively new concept and more research is required to determine its effectiveness for other disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of MCT in reducing symptoms of illness anxiety disorder, but it can be applied to a variety of disorders and could be more effective than other treatments. It is not an effective treatment, but it can be employed to treat ADHD. Family Therapy In family therapy, therapists work with all family members. Everyone is able to better understand the client's issues and learn how to help their loved ones. It also assists them in finding ways to manage their own anxieties and improve their communication skills. In addition, this type of counseling is useful in addressing comorbid conditions such as depression and substance misuse which are often seen alongside ADHD. The therapist will begin with an intake session to better understand the family's perception and determine whether they are suitable for intervention with the family. This can be done in person or via the internet. The Therapist will discuss the nature of treatment with each client and lay out the rules and guidelines of family therapy. A therapist with experience in treating adults with ADHD will ask a variety of questions to gain insight into the client's current symptoms, their history, and their impact on their work as well as their family and social life. They will also ask if there are any other mental health issues that are present, such as anxiety or depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of counseling that teaches you how to manage your behavior and change negative patterns of thinking to positive ones. It is focused on improving self-esteem and self-control by teaching you techniques to cope with anxiety and stress. It is a treatment option for short-term use that can be combined with other types of psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help people with ADHD to manage the emotional baggage that results from failure and underachievement. It can also help them deal with conflicts in relationships or job changes as well as academic challenges. It can help you learn ways to reduce stress and cope and also how to better manage your finances and time. It can also be used to tackle comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and mood disorders, which are often seen alongside ADHD.
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