Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they could draw on were significant. Researchers from TS & ZL for instance mentioned their relationships with their local professors as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual differences. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and could cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a plus. This ability can be used to study the role of prosody in various cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most important tools to analyze learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to examine various aspects, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners their speech. A recent study utilized an DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution. They also recommended using other data collection methods. DCTs are usually designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires more study on alternative methods for measuring refusal competence. In a recent research study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship benefits. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. In ????? ?? ?? , the interviewees were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a particular scenario. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days of the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other and then coded. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could create native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also spoke of external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic standards of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could face if they flouted the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as “foreignersand consider them ignorant. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. Moreover it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies to teach and test the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the purpose of the study. This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). sneak a peek at this site of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response. The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding understanding of the world. The interviewees were given two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore was reluctant to inquire about her interactant's well-being with an intense workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.
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