ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulants can help people suffering from ADHD manage their hyper-impulsive behavior and focus. They can be either long- or short-acting and are prescribed by paediatricians, psychiatrists or neurologists (and doctors in certain circumstances). Stimulants affect dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. They are controlled tightly and are only prescribed by a physician. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a drug that belongs to the family of stimulants and stimulates the activity of certain regions of the brain. It increases levels of certain chemicals such as dopamine and noradrenaline that aid in controlling attention and behavior. her explanation is a treatment for ADHD and Narcolepsy. It may also be prescribed to treat depression in adults, though this is not endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methylphenidate gets absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream rapidly and works within hours. It is available as a chewable tablet or an immediate-release tablet. The doctor will prescribe the most suitable dosage based on the patient's symptoms and the possibility of side effects. The adverse effects of methylphenidate are typically mild and disappear over time as the body gets used to the medicine. If they continue to bother you, talk to your doctor who will lower the dosage or recommend a different medicine. It's important to take this medication as prescribed and not exceed the recommended dosage. This reduces the risk of abuse or addiction. The US Drug Enforcement Administration has classified methylphenidate as a Schedule II substance, which means it is highly susceptible to abuse. These stimulants could create dependence and withdrawal if not taken in the prescribed manner. Tell your doctor if your child is suffering from heart issues. This includes irregular heartbeats, or a history heart attack. Methylphenidate increases heart rate. The doctor will therefore test their blood pressure prior to beginning treatment. It is also crucial to inform the doctor whether your child is taking any other medications, like herbal remedies or vitamins and supplements. The doctor will tell you how much medication to take and how often, in addition to any other precautions. Methylphenidate is usually taken twice every day, with meals. Some brands of long-acting methylphenidate tablets (Quillichew ER; Cotempla XR with -ODT; and Adhansia XR), contain aspartame. Aspartame is a source Phenylalanine and should not be consumed by people suffering from phenylketonuria. Avoid alcohol and other drugs when taking this medication. Some people may notice that their appetite decreases while taking methylphenidate. Encourage your child to take regular meals and snacks if they are losing weight. They may also require to drink a lot of squash or water to keep hydrated. Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that is sold under the brand name Vyvanse. It works by stimulating chemicals found in the brain as well as the nerves. It improves concentration and control of impulses in adolescents, children and adults suffering from ADHD. It treats binge-eating disorder (BED) as well as increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This reduces uncontrolled eating. Lisdexamfetamine is one of the prodrug class of medicines that are modified to render them inactive until they are metabolized by the body.27 It has been found to be safe and well-tolerated in a number of placebo controlled trials that have demonstrated its efficacy in both stimulant-naive and stimulant-exposed patients with ADHD. It is also believed to have a greater lasting effect than other stimulants and could have fewer rebound symptoms. In a 12-week trial that was controlled by placebo, Adler et al27 found significant improvements in the scores of ADHD-RS-IV. They also noted that the majority of the patients who switched to placebo relapsed after two weeks.28 In addition, Brams et al29 used an innovative design for a randomized withdrawal study in which they followed 116 adults for 12 weeks after stopping treatment with lisdexamfetamine. They found that the majority of patients who relapsed were not exposed to any other stimulants over the previous two weeks. It is crucial to inform your doctor if you suffer from any allergies to this medication or any other medication. Also inform your doctor that you have high blood pressure, heart disease or any other heart-related issues. These stimulants increase the chance of having a stroke, heart attacks or sudden deaths for people suffering from these conditions. Lisdexamfetamine can be absorbed into breastmilk and cause harm to a nursing infant. It is not recommended to breastfeed while taking this medication. This medication can cause dizziness, shakiness or stomach upsets in certain people. Lisdexamfetamine is not recommended for use by children less than 6 years old. Lisdexamfetamine is not recommended for women who are pregnant or nursing. You should not stop taking this medicine unless your doctor advises you to do so, even if you are feeling better. Your doctor is likely to be looking to check your blood pressure and heart rate while you are taking this medication. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera is a non-stimulant that blocks presynaptic transporters of norepinephrine. It is highly specific to this transporter, and has a low affinity for other neurotransmitter transportation systems or receptors [115,136136). In multiple placebo-controlled trials, it enhanced the inhibitory control of ADHD patients by reducing the overactivation on the right inferior cortex (Chamberlain and coworkers, 2009). It has also been shown to improve working memory and attention span in children with ADHD. It has a slow onset of action, and it could take up to 12 weeks for its full effect to be seen. The dosage is based on weight and should be started low and gradually increasing. A daily dose of once is common. The drug's poor metabolizers cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) have greater exposure and less efficient elimination of atomoxetine. pharmacogenetic testing is recommended before prescribing atomoxetine to these individuals. It has been proven to be effective in reducing the symptoms of ADHD in a variety of controlled studies, and is often employed as the first-line treatment. It is generally safe and well tolerated and doesn't increase the risk of suicidal behaviors. It is not as effective in reducing anxiety or tics as stimulants and does not seem reduce sleep problems. However it has been found to increase aggression in some children. Atomoxetine is also more likely to interact with the antidepressant fluoxetine. Therefore, they should not be taken together [115, 137). Clonidine (Catapres) and Guanfacine are two additional medications that are available as first-line treatments for ADHD. These medications were originally designed to reduce blood pressure in adults. They are called alpha agonists. They work by stimulating certain receptors in the brain to release the neurotransmitter neopinephrine which can decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. These medications take time to work and can take up to four weeks for many children before they can see any benefit. They are not recommended to be used in conjunction with MAOIs (e.g. e.g. phenelzine) because of the risk of serious and potentially fatal adverse events like severe hypothermia rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability, extreme agitation and confusion and delirium. Other Stimulants Stimulants are medications that boost activity in the central nervous system. They are a variety of substances including some that are legal, and others illegal. They are employed for a variety of reasons, such as performance enhancement, to stay alert and awake and to treat certain medical conditions, such as ADHD, depression, and narcolepsy. Examples of prescription stimulants are amphetamines and methylphenidate. The term stimulant is also used to describe nonprescription drugs such as diet pills and caffeine. They are used for many reasons, but they can also be dangerous when taken in conjunction with certain food items or medications. They don't create a habit in the doses prescribed for patients with ADHD However, they may have adverse effects. They can make people feel anxious or nervous. They can cause upset stomach and elevate blood pressure. Some children and teens who are taking stimulants might have antics that are repetitive sounds or movements, such as eye blinking and throat clearing. They might also have an insignificant delay in growth. A doctor will determine the right stimulant for you or your children. They will consider other factors, including age, weight and whether you or your child has any allergies. They will then prescribe the medication. Always follow the doctor's prescriptions. You should always go through the Medication Guide that is included with your medication. Medications are not the only way to improve symptoms of ADHD However, they're typically the first treatment option. Psychosocial interventions like family therapy and behavior modification are also available to assist people of all ages with ADHD. Patients who are taking prescription ADHD medication should be evaluated for the possibility of misuse and abuse, and counseled to avoid sharing their medication with anyone else. Also it is recommended to keep any medications they no longer use in a secure place and dispose of them appropriately. Health professionals should also regularly check patients and monitor them for signs of misuse, abuse or addiction. The FDA has mandated that more consistent information be provided on the labeling of drugs to help educate patients and families about the serious risks.
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