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The Evolution Site

The theory of evolution based on natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It connects disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, and genetics.

However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resulting misinformation can confuse people about the fundamentals of evolution. This site clarifies the most fundamental concepts.

What is Evolution?

Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that take place in populations over time. These changes are a result of natural selection, which increases the amount of organisms that have traits that are beneficial and allow them to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. These organisms produce more offspring because of the positive characteristics. This leads to an alteration in genetics that could eventually lead to the formation of new species.

The term "evolution" is frequently associated with the idea of "survival of the strongest," which implies that people who are the most adapted to a particular environment will have an advantage over those who are not well-adapted. However this is just one of the many different ways in which evolution can occur.

Another way to use the term "evolution" is to suggest that species will progress from one state to the next. This view of evolution is known as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution in science is not in agreement with this view. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based concentrates on the changes that happen within populations over time, and these changes are the result of genetic mutations and natural selection.

Some scientists, such as the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way that higher forms of living could have evolved.

For a concept to be considered a theory, it must be capable of surviving rigorous testing and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been supported in numerous scientific disciplines ranging from biology to geology, the sciences of astronomy to chemistry. In fact evolution is considered to be one of the foundations of science today, and it is backed by the majority of scientists worldwide. Many people are confused about the nature of evolution theory and how it connects with religion.

What is the Theory of Evolution?

Evolution is the scientific explanation for how living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established and observable facts that show that more offspring are often created than are likely to survive; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that various traits have different rates of survival and reproduction and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed on to the next generation. These observations are backed by the growing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, functional morphology, climatology, and geology.

The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to explain the reason that organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environment. It is the most widely accepted and validated theory in science. Its theories have been proven out by the fact that, for example more complex organisms have less genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism becomes in terms of survival and reproducing the more likely it is to transmit its genes to future generations.

Some people oppose evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no meaning to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution isn't just compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014).

Many highly qualified evolutionary biologists have been involved in the development and testing the theory of evolution, including some respected evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these researchers contributed to the understanding of a broad range of phenomena, including genomics and phylogenetics, as well as the formation and function fossils.

The word "theory" which is often misinterpreted is a reference to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over a long period of time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiments or observations that resulted in them. Thus the theory of evolution theory has been repeatedly confirmed as well as the related theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory.

What is the Process of Evolution?

The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the percentage of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are better adapted for their environment. The people who are more adaptable have higher chances of reproducing and survival. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes become more common in the population. This is often referred to as "survival of the fittest."

According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genetic variation are the basic material for evolution. These mutations could occur randomly or under the influence of the environment. If mutations are random, the frequencies of the resulting alleles may vary from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele, causing the allele to spread throughout the population.

Over time, these changes in the frequencies of alleles can lead to the formation of new species. The new species can then grow and evolve into newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The creation of an entirely new species is typically caused by changes in the environment that make certain kinds of resources available or create new environmental problems. For instance, the development of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the availability of various food sources and the need defend themselves from predators.

In a larger sense the term "evolution" refers to any change that occurs in the nature of organisms over the course of time. The change could be minor like the development of a new coloration or even massive, like the formation of a new organ.

Scientists who believe in evolution theory generally agree that genetic change is crucial in the process of generating evolution. They also agree that evolution is a process that occurs over time, typically over millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that could speed up or slow down this process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, most scientists believe that evolution has happened and the evidence to prove this is overwhelming.

What is the Evidence of Evolution?

Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. This evidence comes from fossils which show the evolution of organisms over time. Additional evidence can be found in similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy.

The evolutionary tree is the most effective method to prove the existence of evolution. It shows how different species are closely related. Homologous structures are another evidence. They share a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bird or bat. Evolution is evident in that various species adapt and evolve to similar environments. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans have white seasonal pelts that blend into the snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolution, which suggests that the species had common ancestors.

The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are parts of an organism which may serve a function in the distant past. For ???? ??? is remnants of an earlier organ that was used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size when they are no longer used which is a process referred to as natural selection.

Scientists have also collected other evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six distinct categories: changes that can be observed at a smaller scale biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy fossil records, genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that the evolution of life has occurred.


Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. However, it's an established fact. It is not a theory, but a powerful collection founded on decades of observation. Regardless of what people believe or don't believe about the theory of evolution scientists continue to study and collect new data to better understand the history of life on Earth. This information will help scientists to better understand how we can avoid future global catastrophes and how to best utilize the resources on our planet. It will also enable us to better meet the needs of the people living on this planet.

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